Eugenical News 29 its racial quality and in its survival value affects its attitude to other nations. It can safely be said that second only to its desire for its own self-improvement is the wish of the German nation to contribute to the improvement of Western Civilization of which it regards itself as a coordinate member with other Christian nations. Whatever might or might not have been its national attitude at another time, the German nation now recognizes that this can only be accomplished by good will, good faith, by cooperation, and by peace between nations. And there can be no question but what the German nation is ready, and indeed anxious, to go more than half way in these directions. The Germans sincerely wish that other nations should similarly be actuated by patriotic motives to improve their own racial quality. Hence the desire in nations for their biological improvement would not appear to engender an inimical attitude in them to other nations, but quite the reverse. Thus we have the encouraging example before us of a nation that is intelligent enough to see that it first necessity is the biological one of improving in its racial quality, and thus to augment its survival values; and that has the patriotism, the resolution, and the self-discipline to make every effort toward, and to neglect no means of accomplishing, this end. Other nations cannot afford to deceive themselves as to the nature of this effort, nor to neglect the practical certainty of its success. If through such self-deception and neglect they permit a progressive deterioration in their own racial quality and survival value, and if in subsequent generations they fall behind and fail in the inescapable competition for racial survival, the present generation could only be deemed to bear a heavy responsibility for such failure. REMARKS ON A "FAMILY" SHOWING SHORTNESS. ILLEGITIMACY AND SIMPLE-MINDEDNESS. Professor H. Fantham and Dr. Annie Porter, Department of Zoology, McGill University, Montreal. For many years, we have been interested in various aspects of heredity and, among the heritable characters studied, stature has received some attention. Cases of stature inheritance have been reported by one of us in 1924 and another paper by us dealing with selective mating as influencing familial height has been published recently (1935). In connection with families whose members were all short and who perpetuated the character more or less deliberately, we have come in contact with the B. family and, for the past two years, have been trying to improve their status and to various members out of trouble. These little people, mostly women, are resident in Quebec Province, but, owing to social conditions combined with a childish attitude to the world at large in some respects, they have become a "family" who exist by working when practicable and by living with various men when work is not available. Some have settled down as mothers of families with their men. The records of this study in human biology are now presented. The "family" consists of the children and grandchildren of one woman, who show in a marked degree the physical characteristics of shortness (see Chart) combined with mental simpleness leading to lives of prostitution. They may be said to be unmoral rather than immoral. Physically all the members are