Fig. 44. The Jukes
The Juke charts compare the family known to Dugdale in 1875 and again to A. H. Estabrook in 1915, forty years later. Dugdale, 1875, while inspecting the county jails of New York State, discovered this family of criminals, prostitutes and paupers, and studied their family history and gathered data concerning seven hundred persons descended from "Margaret, called the Mother of Criminals." In 1915 Estabrook studied the same family of people to ascertain the changes in social and mental status which had taken place in the intervening forty years. The charts show the two sets of data, one of course inclusive of the other, comparing the family at the different periods and showing that the Jukes are still a serious burden to the community. A few Jukes have risen from the mire and are now socially adequate persons. Pictures of various members of the family and their living conditions are shown. By A. H. Estabrook.