Eugenics 23 of Dutch parentage in what was then the outskirts of New York, about 1730. He was a hunter and a fisherman, a drunkard working intermittently, lived to an extreme age, and left an enormous progeny. Of these direct descendants, seven hundred nine have been traced. The family, while it has included a certain number of honest workers, has been on the whole a family of criminals, prostitutes, vagabonds, and paupers. "Not twenty of the men were skilled workers, and of these, ten learned their trade in prison, while one hundred eighty received outdoor relief to an aggregate of eight hundred years. Of the seven hundred nine, there were seventy-six criminals. Of the females, more than half were abandoned women, 52.41 percent, while the normal average has been found to be 1.66 percent. "The Jukes family cost the state of New York $1,250,000, without considering the awful legacy of crime and criminals with which the state has to deal. "By way of contrast, turn to the history of the Edwards families of New England. Data can be found in Boie's 'Science of Penology.' Jonathan Edwards was born in East Windsor, Conn., in 1703. 1394 of his descendants were identified in 1900, of whom 295 were college graduates; 13 were presidents of our greatest colleges; 65 professors of colleges; 60 were physicians, many of whom were eminent; 100 or more were missionaries, clergymen, and theological professors; 60 were prominent authors; 100 or more were lawyers, of whom one was our most eminent professor in law; 80 held public office; one was vice-president of the United States; three were United States senators; several were governors, members of congress, mayors of cities and ministers to foreign courts and almost every department of social progress and of public weal has felt the impulse of this healthy and long-lived family. It is not known that any one of them has ever been convicted of a crime. "This is a demonstration beyond cavil of the strength of heredity in perpetuating ancestral traits both virtuous and criminal."